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2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案详解
SectionⅠ Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each
numbered blank and mark
[A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Why do people read negative Internet comments and do
other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent
need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science.
The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to
satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .
In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the
University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’
willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy
curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the
researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens
would 6 an electric shock when clicked.
Twenty-seven students were told with pens were
electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left
alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them
clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that
would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the
sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.
The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same
as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University
of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new
scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The
insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.
Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however. In a
final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel
after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an
image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on
one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor.
Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of
curiosity,”Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments.
A.ignore B.protect C.discuss D.resolve
答案:D. resolve
考点:词义辨析
解析:文章首段第一句话就交代了全文主旨:Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things
that will obviously be painful? 人们浏览网络负面评论信息以及做一些明显令人痛苦的事情的原因。第二句指出原因:因为人们内心里有一种____不确定因素需求,空格处所需的动词和后面的宾语 uncertainty 构成动宾结构。A 选项 ignore,忽略,B 选项 protect,保护,C 选项 discuss,讨论,带入空格后,语义不通顺,所以不正确。D 选项 resolve,解决、消除,“消除不确定性”符合语义要求;故正确答案为 D 选
项 resolve。
A.refuse B.seek C.wait D.regret
答案:B. seek
考点:词义辨析解析:空格所在句指出:这项新研究表明,这种求知需求如此强烈以至于人们会_____(答案)来满足他们的好奇心即使他们清楚答案会_____。空格处所填入的词需要和后面隐含的宾语答案来构成顺畅的语义搭配,只有 B 选项 seek, 试图、设法、寻找,符合要求;A
选项 refuse,拒绝,C 选 wait,等待,C 选项 regret,遗憾,带入后,语义不通顺。故正确答案
为 B.seek。
A.rise B.last C.hurt D.mislead
答案:C.hurt
考点:词义辨析解析:空格所在句指出:这项新研究表明,这种求知需求如此强烈以至于人们寻找答案来满足他们的好奇心即使答案明显本句中的 even
when(即使)构成了前后的对立关系,因此空格处所填入的词需和前面的感情色彩词“strong”及语义构成对立,只有 C 选项 hurt
(令人痛苦)符合要求;另外此处的 it
is clear that the answer will hurt 也和第一句中的 that
will obviously be painful 构成了近义复现。故 C 选项为正确答案。
A.alert B.expose C.tie D.treat
答案:B.expose 考点:固定短语
解析:空格所在处,构成了___oneself to sth 结构,只有 D 选项 expose 符合要求,使某人
暴露在……中,故 B 选项 expose 为正确答案。
A.trial B.message C.review D.concept 答案:A.trial
考点:词义辨析
解析:本段段首提到“a series of four experiments”,空格所在句给出其中一个实验的信息,只有 A 选项 trail 与 experiment 语义相近,故正确答案为 A 选项 trail。
A.remove B.deliver C.weaken D.interrupt 答案:B.deliver 考点:语义逻辑
解析:上文指出:For one trial,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher
claimed were from a previous experiment。在一个试验中,研究人员给每位受试者一堆笔
并声称其源于先前的实验。这是实验的背景。下文具体实验展开,Half of the pens would… an electric shock when clicked。有一半的比在按下的时候会使人触电。所以比对选项,要选择 deliver ,发出,递送。因此 B 为正确答案。
A.Unless B.If C.When D.Though 答案:C.When
考点:逻辑关系
解析:上文讲的是 Twenty-seven
students were told which pens were rigged;another 27 were told only…研究人员告知了 27 名受试学生哪些笔是内有玄机,而另外 27 名学生只知道有些笔是带电的。下文就是具体的发生的实验状态了。当他们独自在房里时, … 而不是条件 if, unless 或者转折关系。因此选择 C。
A.change B.continue C.disappear D.happen 答案:D.happen 考点:语义逻辑
解析:根据上文的实验背景,试验中 27 个人知道哪些笔是内有玄机,而另外 27 名学生只知道有些笔是带电的。下面的告知了实验的结论:当他们独自在房里时,那些不知哪些笔带电的学生按下了更多的笔头,比这些受试者多,后面是定语,显然这些受试者是只上文被告知的人,所以这些人知道 the
students who knew what would happen,强调结果性。所以选择 D。
A.such as B.rather than C.regardless of D.owing to 答案:A.such as 考点:逻辑关系解析:上文在之后其他刺激因素的实验中,后文讲到具体的实验:指甲刮黑板的声音和令人生厌的昆虫图片显然这里需要例证关系,故选择 A。
A.disagree B.forgive C.discover D.forget 答案:C.discover 考点:语义逻辑
解析:文章开篇提出:The human drive to resolve uncertainty is so strong …人们对于寻找答案以消除不确定因素总是乐此不疲。再根据上文的实验,都表示这是一种 discover 的需求,越是不确定的,越好奇。故选择 C。
A.pay B.food C.marriage D.schooling 答案:B.food
考点:语义逻辑
解析:这个空出现在卡内基梅隆大学(Carnegie Mellon University)的观点中,前后观点没有任何转折连词,所以前后句应该一脉相承。前文中 the
drive is deeply rooted in human,
指的是人类根深蒂固的本性,而且后文也说到 curiosity
is a good instinct(本能),探索的动力在人类中根深蒂固,与食物或避难所的基本动力相当。因此此处应该选 food。A 选项 pay 支付;C 选项 marriage 婚姻;D 选项 schooling 学习教育,皆不符合文意。
A.begin with B.rest on C.lead to D.learn from 答案:C.lead to 考点:固定搭配解析:本句意思是:好奇心通常被认为是一种很好的本能——它会________新的科学进步,此处选择 A 选项 begin
with 以…开始,C 选项 lead
to 符合文意。B 选项 rest
on 取决于;D 选项 learn
from 向…学习, 皆不符合文意。
A.inquiry B.withdrawal C.persistence D.diligence 答案:A.inquiry 考点:语义逻辑
解析:but sometimes such ___can backfire。but 一词的出现就说明前后两句话是转折句义,
前文说好奇心会带来新的科学进步;后文的一个指示代词 such 一出现,就证明和前句的
主语是一致的,在此只能选择 curiosity 的近义词,为 A
inquiry。B 选项 withdrawal 撤回;C 选项 persistence 坚持; D 选项 diligence 勤奋,皆不符合文意。
A.self-deceptive B.self-reliant C.self-evident
D.self-destructive 答案:D.self-destructive
考点:语义逻辑
解析:The insight that curiosity can drive you to do___ things is a
profound one。因为前文有
所提示,but sometimes such ___can backfire,有时候好奇心会适得其反,这句话也是对于上文的承接,因此这里需要填入的是好奇心带来的副作用的表达,因此选 D
self-destructive 自我毁灭的。A 选项 self-deceptive 自欺欺人的,B 选项 self-reliant 自力更生的;C 选项 self-evident 显而易见的, 皆不符合文意。
A.trace B.define C.replace D.resist 答案:D.resist
考点:语义逻辑
解析:Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___, however。这句话之后出现了论据,用以支撑前文的论点:In a final experiment, participants
who were encouraged to predict how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant
picture were less likely to choose to see such an image,在最后的实验中,那些积极预测自己目睹不太悦目图片感受的受试者,他们选择此类图
片的可能性较小。此处 picture
were less likely to choose to see such an image=resist,是对于
本段论点句的同义复现,因为选择 D 选项 resist。A 选项 trace 追踪,B 选项 define 定义; C 选项 replace 替代,皆不符合文意。
A.conceal B.overlook C.design D.predict 答案:D.predict 考点:语义逻辑解析:本段首句是本段的中心:然而,抵制病态的好奇心理是并非不可能。所以可以预
测出这一段会围绕抵制病态的好奇心会有什么好的影响。In a final experiment,participants
who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after
viewing an unpleasant picture were less
likely to 17 to see such an image.16 题所在句子是 participants 的后置定语,用来修饰受测
者,他们积极地去如何,与后面定语从句中目睹不太愉悦的照片后他们将(would)会有什么样的感觉,可以得出是提前想象出来的,故选择 D
predict,预测。
A.choose B.remember C.promise D.pretend 答案:A.choose 考点:语义逻辑解析:此题所在句子结构化简后是 participants
were less likely to 17 to see such an image。这里面的 such image 指的是上面提到的 an unpleasant picture,所以既然已经知道图片会带
来不愉悦的感觉,就不可能去选择了,故选择 A
choose 选择。
A.relief B.outcome C.plan D.duty 答案:B.outcome
考点:语义逻辑
解析:These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on
one‘s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor。 18 题所在位置是 the 18 of following through on
one’s curiosity ahead of time 此短语是 imagining 同位语,用来解释 imagining:为利用好奇心可提前想象的结果。所以此题选择是 B。
A.how B.why C.where D.whether 答案:D.whether
考点:逻辑关系
解析:imagining can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor。这种结果可以帮助人们决定它们。。。值得一试。根据句间逻辑关系,这些研究结果表明,利用好奇心可提前想象事件的结果,从而帮助人们决定它们是否值得一试。故 D
whether 为正确选项。
A.limitations B.investments C.consequences D.strategies 答案:C.consequences
考点:词义辨析
解析:“Thinking about long-term 20 is key to mitigating the possible
negative effects of
curiosity,” 思考长期......才是减轻好奇心负面消极影响的关键所在。负面消极影响是好奇心带来的,所以要考虑这种长期的影响,A 选项 limitations 限制,B 选项 investment
投资, D 选项 strategies 策略, 都不符合语境,故 C 选项为正确选项。
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below
each text by choosing [A],[B], [C] or [D].
Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as
though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.
Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a
teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books
and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become
accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the
United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?
As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about
everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry
at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can
also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.
But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice.
Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the
family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who
can’t make it academically,” he says.
On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of
America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once
was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates
has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle.We want more for
our kids,and rightfully so.
But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and
the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the
only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens more
doors.But even now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill
jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of
workers are adequately trained.
In other words,at a time when the working class has
turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that
once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the
face.There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs
most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High
School is trying to fill that gap.
Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education
becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.
21.A broken bike
chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of .
A.academic training
B.practical ability
C.pioneering spirit
D.mechanical memorization 答案 B. practical ability
这是一道细节题,根据题干关键词可定位至第二段最后一句话,意思是”什么时候这种观点变得可接受了呢?学生应该能够说出美国第十三任总统的名字,但是却完全对坏了的自行车链束手无策”。从作者使用问句的形式就可判断出作者并不接受这种观点,即学生只学会书本上
的知识而不具备实际能力。再结合上一句话即本段第二句话,Mr Koziatek 是 New
Hampshire
高中的一名老师,在这所学校,学习不只是书本上的知识,或者是为了考试,也不是为了机械化的记忆,而是为了实际的技能。能看出,作者认为学生们缺少的是实际技能,所以答案是 B.
practical ability.
22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education
is for kids who.
A.have a stereotyped mind
B.have no career motivation
C.are financially disadvantaged
D.are not academically successful 答案 D. are not academically
successful
这是一道具体细节题,根据题干关键词职业教育对孩子存在的偏见可定位至第四段最后一句,意思是“在很多职业化教育的学校中,有这样一种老套的思想,那就是,职业教育是针对
那些在学术上不能成功的那些孩子的。”根据这句话可确定答案就是 D.are
not academically successful, 其他选项均不符合文意。
23.we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school
graduates.
A.used to have more job opportunities
B.used to have big financial concerns
C.are entitled to more educational privileges
D.are reluctant to work in manufacturing 答案 A. used to have more job
opportunities
这是一道细节推断题,根据题干第五段和 high
school graduates 回到原文定位致第五段第三句,说到美国经济曾经提供给高中毕业生的那种 the
job security 已经在很大程度上 evaporated
也就是消失了,那说明过去的时候高中毕业生是有职业安全感的,故选 A,其他选项都不在定位处,可以排除。
24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.
A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs
B.may narrow the gap in working-class jobs
C.indicates the overvaluing of higher education
D.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce 答案 C. indicate the overvaluing of
higher education
这是一道事实细节题,根据题干内容“the headlong push”找到出处是第六段开头 But 后,发现后面还有一个 and...和其并列,所以主要关注对这两部分的评价,后面有明显的标点:冒号
出现,冒号后说 that
is not the only thing the American economy needs. 可以看出这句话对前面的
否定,选项中只有 C 选项动词 overvalue 是负面词,而且提到主题词 education。故选 C。
25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be
described as.
A.tolerant
B.cautious
C.supportive
D.disappointed 答案 C.
supportive
这是一道态度题,放在最末的态度题更倾向于到最后一段找答案。通过定位词 Koziatek’s
school 看到最后一段也确实提到了,说它是一个 wake-up
call。也就是在唤醒人们教育不应该
是统一的形式,这样会 overlooking
a nation’s diversity of gifts,也就是忽视人才的差异性。所以
可以看出作者是支持的态度。
Text 2
While fossil fuels—coal,oil,gas—still
generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it's clearer than
ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The
move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world:They now
account for more than half of new power sources going on line.
Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and
farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the
story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar.The
cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by
close to one-third in the past eight years.
In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a
principal energy source.In Scotland, for
example,wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of
homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead,notably China
and Europe,the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March,for the first
time,wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power
generated in the US,reported the US Energy Information Administration.
President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially
coal—as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa,he dismissed
wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well
with many in Iowa,where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the
state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being
attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.
The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or
the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost
in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power
flowing around the clock more likely.
The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers,who are
placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars
are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the
picture rapidly in coming years.
While there’s a long way to go,the trend lines
for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be
speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate
change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may
mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.
26.The word“plummeting”(Line 3,Para.2)is
closest in meaning to.
A.stabilizing
B.changing
C.falling D.rising 答案 C
falling
这是一道词义句意题,要想知道 plummeting 的意思,首先要回到原文找线索,即 plummeting 所在的句子以及上下句,由原文可知,plummeting 所在句子是在说现在例如风能和太阳能这样的可再生资源的价格的问题,plummeting 是修饰可再生资源的价格的,接着二段最后一句就在用具体数字来证明可再生资源的成本在下降,如太阳能成本下降了百分之八十,风能也降到三分之一,由此可知,可再生资源的成本在下降,plummeting 的含义是下降的意思。
所以选择 C
falling。
27.According to Paragraph 3,the use of
renewable energy in America.
A.is progressing notably
B.is as extensive as in Europe
C.faces many challenges
D.has proved to be impractical 答案 A is progressing notably
这是一道具体细节题,根据题干关键词定位至第三段第三句及第四句,意思是“在中国和欧洲等国家已经领先时,美国也在见证着巨大的改变。根据美国能源信息局报道,三月份,美国首次使用风能和太阳能产生了超过百分之十以上的能源。”这足以说明在美国,可再生能源的使用正在取得显著地进步。所以答案是 A。
28.It can be learned that in Iowa, .
A.wind is a widely used energy source
B.wind energy has replaced fossil fuels
C.tech giants are investing in clean energy D.there is a
shortage of clean energy supply 答案 A
wind is a widely used energy source
这是一道细节推断题,根据题干关键词定位至第四段第三句,在爱荷华州,风力涡轮机点缀着这个州并提供了此州百分之三十六的电能,并且还吸引了像微软这样的科技巨头公司。因此可判断,在爱荷华州,风能是一种广泛使用的能源。所以答案是 A。
29.Which ofthe following is true about clean energy
according to Paragraphs 5&6? A.Its application has boosted battery storage.
B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.
C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.
D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult. 答案 C its continuous supply is
becoming a reality
这是一道是非细节题,根据题干给出的段落位置,5-6 两段和主题词 clean
energy,回到原文的第 5-6 段,这两段都不长,第五段出现了 But 后讲到电池容量的提升 a
boost in the storage,
与 A 选项不符,并不是因果关系,故排除;B 选项说道广泛用在制造业也不符合原文第六段第一句;而 D 选项和原文第六段最后一句是语义相反的,故也排除;正确选项 C 是和这句话语义一致的,也是和全文主题一致的,故为正确答案。
30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
renewable energy.
A.will bring the US closer to other countries
B.will accelerate global environmental change
C.is not really encouraged by the US government D.is not
competitive enough with regard to its cost 答案 C is not really encouraged by
the US government
这是一道细节推断题,题干问“根据最后一段可以推断出来可再生能源怎么了”,回到原文最后一段第一句就表明尽管还有很长一段路要走,可再生能源发展的趋势在增强。后面也提到
改变的节奏在加快,对 slowing 气候变化有 meaningful
effect,所以可以看出 B 选项 accelerate...
是不对的,D 选项中提到的价格不具有竞争力不在本段当中,也应排除。剩下的两个选项都提到了美国,就应该重点看最后一句,最后一句提到华盛顿政府做或不做什么都 may
mean less and less...所以可以看出美国不应该是和其他国家更近,排除 A,所以选 C,美国不是真正支持
可再生能源的。
Text 3
The power and ambition of the giants of the digital
economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket
grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn,but two years ago
Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the Whats
App messaging service,which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What Whats App
offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’
friendships and social lives.
Facebook promised the European commission then that it
would not link phone numbers to
Facebook identities,but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went
through.Even without knowing what was in the messages,the knowledge
of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be.What
political journalist,what party whip,would not want to know the makeup of the Whats App groups in which
Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting?It may be that the value of Whole
Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers
have purchased what.
Competition law appears to be the only way to address
these imbalances of power.But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow
compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a
problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the
marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power.But there is a deeper
conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with
financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of
these services don’t pay for them.The users of their services are not their
customers.That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook
and Google,the two virtual giants,dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media
and entertainment companies.
The product they’re selling is data,and we,the users,convert our
lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the
bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google
farms us for the data that our digital lives yield.Ants keep predatory insects
away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our
inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship,even if both
sides benefit.
31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired Whats App
for its.
A.digital products
B.user information
C.physical assets
D.quality service 答案 [B]user
information
解析:细节题。根据题干信息定位到第一段第二句。该句提到两年前 Facebook 花了更多的钱获得了 WhatsApp 的信息服务。接着提到 WhatsApp 提供给 Facebook 的是关于其用户的朋友圈以及社会生活等具体精炼的信息。由此可知,B 项为正确答案。
32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.
A.worsen political disputes
B.mess up customer records
C.pose a risk to Facebook users D.mislead the European
commission 答案[C]pose a risk to Facebook users
解析:细节题。根据题干关键词 linking
the phone number 定位第二段第一句。该句提到 Facebook 向欧洲委员会承诺不会把用户的电话号与 Facebook 的身份认证连系到一起,但是协议通过之后 Facebook 立马失信。接下来提到“甚至都不清楚信息里面都有什么,也不知谁发的消息,发送的目的又是什么”。因此,可能会给用户造成风险。因此 C 项符合文意。
33.According to the author,competition law.
A.should serve the new market powers
B.may worsen the economic imbalance
C.should not provide just one legal solution D.cannot
keep pace with the changing market 答案 [D]cannot
keep pace with the changing market
解析:细节题。根据题干关键词 competition
law 定位到第三段第一句。该句指出“竞争法
似乎成为解决这些不平等权力的唯一办法,但是此法案太过笨拙”。下一句提到“一方面,相比于数据经济变化的速度,此法案发展是非常缓慢的”。由此可知,该法案跟不上当前市场变化的步伐。因此 D 项为正确答案。
34.Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly
protect Facebook users because.
A.they are not defined as customers
B.they are not financially reliable
C.the services are generally digital
D.the services are paid for by advertisers 答案[D]the
services are paid for by advertisers.
解析:根据题目中的 because 可确定为因果细节题。题干中的信息出现在第三段后半部分,
是题目中的原词 competition
law as presently interpreted,而原因在其后面的句子。下文写到, the
users of their services are not,读到这里的 not,一定要找而是谁。继续读下一句,That would be the people who buy advertising from them…,与选项对应,可得出[D]the
services are paid for by
advertisers.
35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.
A.a win-win business model between digital giants
B.a typical competition pattern among digital giants
C.the benefits provided for digital giants’ customers
D.the relationship between digital giants and their users 答案[D]the relationship between digital giants and their users.
解析:根据题目中 is
used to illustrate 可判断为例证题,要找到 the
ants analogy 论据所证明
的论点;论点在论据之前,因此先找到论据 the
ants analogy,再找到论据前的论点句。所以本题
定位到最后一段的第一句,The product …is data,and we…convert our lives to data…。此句中,
data 即 digital
giants,we 即 users。因此答案为[D]the
relationship between digital giants and their
users.
Text 4
To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal
Newport,author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted
world,recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without
distraction.
There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of
deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a
daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep
work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach,the key is to
determine your length of focus time and stick to it.
Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat
constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any given point,I
should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar
I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important
meeting”,he writes.
Another approach to getting more done in less time is to
rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do
lists.Tim Harford, author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our
Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two
groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others
were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.
While the researchers assumed that the well-structured
daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they
were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that
inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while
leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.
In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We
also need to embrace downtime,or as
Newport suggests,“be lazy.”
“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a
vice;it is as indispensable to be brain as
Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically,
necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.
Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at
Harvard Medical School,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime
and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains
switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more
efficient.
“What people don’t realize is that in order to complete
these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their
brain”. says Pillay.
The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ________.
A.keep to your focus time
B.list your immediate tasks
C.make specific daily plans D.seize every minute to work 答案 A. keep to your focus time
解析:细节题。根据题干的 mastering
the art of deep work 定位到第二段首句。该句指出“有
很多种掌握深度工作的方法-不论是专注于指定工作时长时间的后退,或者养成惯例,还是当你一天有闲暇之余采用纪实的方式捕捉深度工作的瞬间”。接着提到“不论是那种方式,关键在于确定你的专注力时间长度并保持专注”。由此可知,A 项为正确答案。
The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that
________.
A.distractions may actually increase efficiency
B.daily schedules are indispensable to studying
C.students are hardly motivated by monthly goals
D.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected 答案 D. detailed plans may not be as
fruitful as expected
解析:例证题。根据题干时间信息 1980s 以及 Harford 定位到第四段与第五段。第四段首句指出另一种短时间做更多事情的方法是反思怎么才能优先处理好你的一天-特别是制作我们待办事项的方法。接着作者举例大学生们分成小组每天做各种详细复杂的任务。第五段首句用 while 画风一转,表示这种复杂的任务让学生们感到消极,并表示工作中难免会分散注意力,这将影响日常待办事项的效率。可知,作者用反面例子来论证观点,即复杂的计划可能没有像期望的那样有效果。故选 B 项。
According to Newport, idleness is ________.
A.a desirable mental state for busy people
B.a major contributor to physical health
C.an effective way to save time and energy D.an essential
factor in accomplishing any work 答案 D.
an essential factor in accomplishing any work.
解析:根据题目 Newport 得出本题目为细节题中的文中人物观点题。根据题干中的 idleness 可定位到倒数第三段,idleness is not,读到这里依然需要看下文,下面提到 it
is as…as…,is
necessary to getting any work done。再对应选项,可直接选出[D]an
essential factor in accomplishing any work。
Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being
focused and unfocused _______.
A.can result in psychological well-being
B.can bring about greater efficiency
C.is aimed at better balance in work
D.is driven by task urgency
答案 B.
can bring about greater efficiency.
解析:根据题目中的 Pillay
believes 可得出本题目为细节题中的文中人物观点题型。根据题目中的信息,可以定位到倒数第二段最后一句,明确指出 they
tend to be more efficient。然后
对应选项得出 B.
can bring about greater efficiency。
This text is mainly about _______.
A.ways to relieve the tension of busy life
B.approaches to getting more done in less time
C.the key to eliminating distractions D.the cause of the
lack of focus time 答案 B.
approaches to getting more done in less time.
解析:根据题目的 mainly
about 可知为文章主旨题,首先可以通过题目的复现内容找与文章主旨有关的词汇,题目中反复出现了 focus 内容,可判断与人们的注意力有。其次,文章主旨一般在开篇第一段或第二段会出现,第一段引用 Cal
Newport 的观点指出 focus
without
distraction 话题,第二段就提到了主题 approaches
to mastering the art of deep work,此刻主题已明确,并且第四段有明显的证明 another
approach。所以本题选[A]approaches to getting more done in less time。
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and match each of the numbered
items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column.
There are two extra choices in the right column.
Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Just say it
Be present
Pay a unique compliment
Name, places, things
Find the “me too”s
Skip the small talk
Ask for an opinion
Five ways to make conversation with anyone
Conversations are links, which means when you have a
conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you
have after that moment will strengthen the link.
You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the
cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply
starting a conversation with them will form a link.
Here are five simple ways that you can make the first
move and start a conversation with strangers.
41.____________
Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and
something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something
the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first
word—but it just won’t come out. It feels like it is stuck somewhere, I know
the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.
Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They
won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!
I truly believe that once you get that first word out
everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—do the
best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big
smile and say“Hi”.
42.____________
It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with
the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.
Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”, “how
are you?”and“what’s going on?”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the
conversation that’s can make it so memorable.
So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust
me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just
ask.
43.____________
When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort
to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can
build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there
and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation
becomes a lot easier.
44.____________
Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and
they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get
the response “I can multitask”.
So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in
that communication wholeheartedly.
Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.
45.____________
You all came into a conversation where you first met the
person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their
name. Isn’t that awkward!
So remember the little details of the people you met or
you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to
go, the things they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.
When you remember such thing you can automatically become
investor in their well being. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that
relationship going.
That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make
conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or
to have a conversation with!
41.选 A。该小标题需要涵盖三段内容。第一段开始说到你想跟陌生人说话,但是“it just
won’t come out”,提到说话说不出来,随后直接出现我的建议“My advice:just get it out“,即去说。所以选 A:Just say it 去说
42,选 F。该小标题下第一段第一句话就说了你时间有限“you have limited time”,然后说到如果陷到寒暄当中“hi,hello,how are you, what
is going on”会让对话没法令人印象深刻。下一段“So”表明结论,去问更多个人问题“personal questions”,所以选 F:Skip the
small talk 跳过寒暄
43.选 E。第一句话就说到了第一次交谈要找到共同点“have in common”,从这个共同点“that
point”来开展对话“build the conversation”,所以选 E:find the “me
too”s 找到共同点
44.选 C。第一段先举例,说你跟人讲心事时,别人分心干别的。然后下一段“So”表明结
论,人家跟跟你沟通,你要全心投入“wholeheartedly”。所以选 C:Pay a unique
complement 专
注
45,选 D。第一句话就提到了忘记只见过一面的人的名字“name”。“So”后面又提到回忆地
点“places”和好恶的事情“things”等细节,所以选 D:Name,places,things
Section Ⅲ Translation
46.Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese. Your
translation should be written on the
ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his
future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly
adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that
if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he
reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so
passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy”at the
dinner table.
That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading
yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference
books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year.
Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works.“Each
book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.
参考译文:
一个五年级的学生收到一份家庭作业:即从一系列职业中选择自己未来的职业道路。他勾划了“宇航员”,但很快由将“科学家”添加到列表中,并也将其选中。这个男孩相信,如果他读得足够多,他就可以探索尽可能多的他喜欢的职业道路。所以他读书广泛——从百科全书到科幻小说。他读得如此投入,以至于他的父母不得不制定一个:在餐桌上的“不读书政策”。
那个男孩就是比尔盖茨,他没有停止阅读,甚至在他成为这个星球上最成功的人士之一后,仍旧没有停下来。现在,他的阅读材料已经不再是科幻小说和工具书了:最近据他所说,他一年内至少读了 50 本非科幻小说。比尔盖茨选择非科幻小说类书籍,是因为这类书籍解释了世界是如何运作的。“每本书都开辟了新的知识探索渠道。”盖茨说。
Section Ⅳ Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not
be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an email to
1)apologize and explain the situation, and 2)suggest a
future meeting.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name. Use“Li Ming” instead. Do not
write your address.(10 points) 参考范文:
Dear Prof.Smith,
I am sorry to tell you that I have to cancel my travel
plan to your city for some reasons,thus I am afraid that I couldn't visit you
according to the due course.So I am writing for the purpose of extending my
sincere apology to you.
Actually, I miss you very much, but I received a notice
suddenly that I have to attend an exam if I would love to apply for an
opportunity for further study abroad.Nevertheless I haven't prepared for it
very well Hence I have to spend more time and energy on it.
Please accept my heartfelt apology again! I am really
sorry for any inconvenience I caused. And I am honorable to ask if I could make
an another appointment with you.I am looking forward to your response at your
earliest convenience. Regards !
Yours faithfully,
Li Minge
Part B
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing
you should
1)interpret the chart and
2)give your comments
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15
points)
Part B
参考范文:
As is depicted by the pie chart, the author is trying to
show factors why consumers choose a restaurant in a certain city. According to
the data reflected by the chart, it is not hard to see that speciality can be
the most important factor to choose a canteen for consumers, which takes up
36.38%. however, other factors including service, environment and price account
for 26.8%, 23.8% and 8.4% respectively. These statistics reflect an
thought-provoking phenomenon.
There are two reasons accounting for this situation
reflected by the chart above. The most important factor we should take into
consideration is the rapid economic development and the growth of purchasing
power, which can explain the reason why the price takes up the smallest proportion
in these factors when consumers choose canteen. Moreover, there is no deny in
saying that an increasing number of people are paying closer attention to the
new taste and fresh feeling which lead to the result that a large group of
people choose restaurants according to the level of speciality.
Based on the analysis made above, it is safe to say that
there is a tendency for people to choose a canteen largely depend on the
speciality in the coming years. On the contrary, people will continue to pay increasingly
less attention on the price.
1
、[答案][B] resolve
[解析]此处考察词义辨析.首段首句以问句形式提出文章中心:人们浏览网络负面评论信息以及做一些明显令人痛苦的事情的原因.第二句给出原因:因为人们内心里有一种____(生活中的)不确定因素或不安的需求,空格处所需的动词需要和后面的宾语uncertainty构成语义搭配.B选项resolve (解决、消除)符合语义要求;A选项protect(保护),C选项discuss(讨论),D选项ignore(忽略)带入空格后,语义不通顺,均排除.故正确答案为B选项resolve.
2、[答案][D] seek
[解析]此处考察词义辨析.空格所在句指出:这项新研究表明,这种求知需求如此强烈以至于人们会_____(答案)来满足他们的好奇心即使他们清楚答案会_____.空格处所填入的词需要和后面隐含的宾语答案来构成顺畅的语义搭配,只有D选项seek(试图、设法、寻找)符合要求;A选项refuse(拒绝),B选wait(等待),C选项regret(遗憾)带入后,语义不通顺.故正确答案为[D]seek.
3、[答案][A] hurt
[解析]此处考察词义辨析.空格所在句指出:这项新研究表明,这种求知需求如此强烈以至于人们寻找答案来满足他们的好奇心即使答案明显
本句中的even when(即使)构成了前后的对立关系,因此空格处所填入的词需和前面的感情色彩词“strong”及语义构成对立,只有A选项hurt(令人痛苦)符合要求;另外此处的it is clear that the answer will hurt 也和第一句中的that will
obviously be painful 构成了近义复现.故A选项为正确答案.
4、[答案][D] expose
[解析]此处考察固定短语.空格所在处,构成了___oneself to sth结构,只有D选项expose符合要求(使某人暴露在……中),故D选项expose为正确答案.
5、[答案][C] trail
[解析]此处考察词义辨析.本段段首提到“a series of four experiments”,空格所在句给出其中一个实验的信息,只有C选项trail与experiment语义相近,故正确答案为C选项trail.
6、[答案][D]deliver
[解析]此处考察上下文信息对应以及动宾搭配问题.上文指出:For one trial, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher
claimed were from a previous experiment. 在一个试验中,研究人员给每位受试者一堆笔并声称其源于先前的实验.这是实验的背景.下文具体实验展开,Half of the pens would… an electric shock when clicked. 有一半的比在按下的时候会使使人触电.所以比对选项,要选择deliver ,发出,递送.因此选择 D. deliver
7、[答案][A]when
[解析]此处考察上下文句间的逻辑关系.空前空后是状语的关系.上文讲的是Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another 27
were told only…研究人员告知了27名受试学生哪些笔是内有玄机,而另外27名学生只知道有些笔是带电的.下文就是具体的发生的实验状态了.当他们独自在房里时,
… 而不是条件if, unless或者 转折关系.因此选择A.
8、[答案][B]happen
[解析]此处考察上下语境下的句内动词关系.根据上文的实验背景,试验中27个人知道哪些笔是内有玄机,而另外27名学生只知道有些笔是带电的.下面的告知了实验的结论
:当他们独自在房里时,那些不知哪些笔带电的学生按下了更多的笔头,比这些受试者多,后面是定语,显然这些受试者是只上文被告知的人,所以这些人知道the students who knew what would happen,强调结果性.所以选择B. happen
9、[答案][D]such as
[解析]此处考察句间的逻辑关系.上文在之后其他刺激因素的实验中,
后文讲到具体的实验:指甲刮黑板的声音和令人生厌的昆虫图片
显然这里需要例证关系,故选择D.such as
10、[答案][A]discover
[解析]此处考察上下文的信息对应和句内信息对应.这是个中心复现词,文章开篇提出:The human drive to resolve uncertainty is so strong …人们对于寻找答案以消除不确定因素总是乐此不疲.再根据上文的实验,都表示这是一种discover的需求,越是不确定的,越好奇.故选择A. discover
11、[答案][D] food
[解析]此处考察同义复现.这个空出现在卡内基梅隆大学(Carnegie Mellon University)的观点中,前后观点没有任何转折连词,所以前后句应该一脉相承.前文中the drive is deeply rooted in human,指的是人类根深蒂固的本性,而且后文也说到curiosity
is a good instinct(本能),探索的动力在人类中根深蒂固,与食物或避难所的基本动力相当.因此此处应该选food.A选项 pay 支付;B选项 marriage 婚姻;C选项schooling 学习教育,皆不符合文意.
12、[答案][A] lead to
[解析]此处考察成分搭配.原文表达:好奇心通常被认为是一种很好的本能——它会________新的科学进步,此处选择A选项lead to 符合文意.B选项 rest on 取决于;C选项learn from向…学习;D选项 begin with 以…开始,皆不符合文意.
13、[答案][C] inquiry
[解析]此处考察反义复现.原文表达:but sometimes such _________can backfire. but一词的出现就说明前后两句话是转折句义,前文说好奇心会带来新的科学进步;后文的一个指示代词such一出现,就证明和前句的主语是一致的,在此只能选择curiosity 的近义词,为C inquiry.A 选项 withdrawal 撤回;B选项 persistence 坚持; D选项 diligence 勤奋,皆不符合文意.
14、[答案][B] self-destructive
[解析]此处考察成分搭配.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do______ things is a
profound one.因为前文有所提示,but sometimes such _________can backfire,有时候好奇心会适得其反,这句话也是对于上文的承接,因此这里需要填入的是好奇心带来的副作用的表达,因此选[B] self-destructive 自我毁灭的.A 选项 self-reliant自力更生的;C选项 self-evident 显而易见的;D选项self-deceptive自欺欺人的,皆不符合文意.
15、[答案][B] resist
[解析]此处考察同义复现.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to __________, however. 这句话之后出现了论据,用以支撑前文的论点:In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to predict how they would feel
after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to choose to see such an
image,在最后的实验中,那些积极预测自己目睹不太悦目图片感受的受试者,他们选择此类图片的可能性较小.此处picture were less likely to choose to see such an image=resist,是对于本段论点句的同义复现,因为选择B 选项resist.A 选项define定义;C选项replace 替代;D选项trace追踪,皆不符合文意.
16、[答案][B]predict
[解析]此处考察句间逻辑关系,属于句子内部的显性线索.本段首句是本段的中心:然而,抵制病态的好奇心理是并非不可能.所以可以预测出这一段会围绕抵制病态的好奇心会有什么好的影响.In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after
viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.16题所在句子是participants的后置定语,用来修饰受测者,他们积极地去如何,与后面定语从句中目睹不太愉悦的照片后他们将(would)会有什么样的感觉,可以得出是提前想象出来的,故选择B predict,预测.
17、[答案][C]choose
[解析]此处考察句间逻辑关系,属于句子内部的显性线索.此题所在句子结构化简后是participants were less likely to 17 to see such an image.这里面的such
image指的是上面提到的an unpleasant picture,所以既然已经知道图片会带来不愉悦的感觉,就不可能去选择了,故选择C ,choose选择.
18、[答案][D] outcome
[解析] 此处考察句间逻辑关系,属于句子内部的显性线索.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on
one‘s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the
endeavor. 18题所在位置是the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of
time此短语是imagining同位语,用来解释imagining:为利用好奇心可提前想象的结果.所以此题选择是的imagining的同义词.
19、[答案][B] whether
[解析]此处考察句间的逻辑关系.imagining can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor.这种结果可以帮助人们决定它们...值得一试.根据句间逻辑关系,这些研究结果表明,利用好奇心可提前想象事件的结果,从而帮助人们决定它们是否值得一试.故B whether为正确选项.
20、[答案][A] consequences
[解析]此处考察词义辨析.“Thinking about long-term 20 is key to mitigating the possible
negative effects of curiosity,”
思考长期....才是减轻好奇心负面消极影响的关键所在.负面消极影响是好奇心带来的,所以要考虑这种长期的影响,B选项investment投资 C选项strategies 策略D选项limitations限制,都不符合语境,故A选项为正确选项.
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1
21、[答案][A] practical ability
[解析]根据题干可知这是一道典型的例证题.根据题干关键词“a broken bike chain”定位到第二段第二句,向前找其论点句
“He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not
something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but
practical. 由该句可知,在他(Mr. Koziaek)任教的这个学校里,学习不是书本、测试和机械记忆这些事情,而是实践.所以举“a broken bike chain”的例子是说明学生们缺乏实践能力,选A选项 practical ability.
22、[答案][C] are not academically successful
[解析]根据题干可以定位到第四段,相关语句为“that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says. 其中,“can’t make it academically”就是对应答案C中的“are not academically successful”, 因此,正确答案为C 选项are not
academically successful.
23、[答案][B] used to have more job opportunities
[解析]根据题干要求定位到第五段,解决本题的关键是对第三句话“The job security that the US economy once offered to high school
graduates has largely evaporated.”的理解,尤其需要注意本句的时态,定语从句“that the US economy once offered to high school graduates”是过去时态,表明“美国经济曾经为高中毕业生提供了工作保障”,而主句“The job security has largely evaporated”却是现在完成时,意为“这种工作保障在很大程度上已经蒸发了”,说明曾经的工作机会现在已经不再拥有了,故而[B]选项是正确选项.
24、[答案][D] indicates the overvaluing of higher education
[解析]根据题干关键词“headlong push”以及“bachelor’s degree”直接定位到文章第六段第一句话.根据第一句话“But the headlong push into bachelor’s degree for all—and the
subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point: That’s not the
only thing the American economy needs”(大力推动学士学位—以及低估其他任何方面—使得人们忽略了非常重要的一点:这并不是美国经济所唯一需要的),可初步确定正确选项为D“indicates the overvaluing of higher education”(高估了高等教育).另外,第二句先是认可了这种做法的好处:“Yes, a bachelor degree opens more doors”(学士学位为本科生打开了更多扇门).但是,第三行最后出现转折词But,说明后面内容一定是负面情感取向,是“bachelor degree”没能解决的问题,因此,D选项为正确答案.
25、[答案][A] supportive
[解析]本题考查作者的态度.一般最后一段凸显作者的态度,
第一句话“Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call.”说明“Koziatek学校为我们敲响了警钟”.第二句话“When
education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks
overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts”表明“当教育适合所有人的时候,它同样也造成一种危险,即容易忽视国家的人才多元化.”同时我们也注意到第七段最后一句话说“… is to fill the gap.”(Koziatek学校正试图填补这一空白),
说明作者的态度是支持性的,即supportive.因此,A选项是正确答案.
Text 2
26、[答案][C] failing
[解析]词汇释义题.根据论点论据关系,二段最后一句话证明but之后的论点句.由第二段最后一句得知在过去8年中,solar panels (太阳电池板)和wind turbines (风轮机)成本分别下降了80%和约1/3,故可推知可再生能源的价格会下降,故C项failing正确.
27、[答案][A] is progressing notably
[解析]逻辑推理题.根据题干应该定位到三段第三句话.本段第三句说“其他国家在清洁能源发展方面保持领先(takes the lead),美国也看到了显著的变化”,also提示我们美国和其他国家的情况应该有相似之处.再结合后一句中的数据,可确定美国可再生能源的使用正稳步发展,A项正确.
28、[答案][A] wind is a widely used energy source
[解析]逻辑推理题.由Iowa我们可快速定位至第四段.一般来讲,推理题优先考虑段落主旨,But转折之后应该为本段中心.尽管前两句提到Trump不看好风能,但but后面话锋一转,说到Iowa的很多人不赞成这种看法,并列举数据说明风能在Iowa的发展势头良好,故本题选A.
29、[答案][C] Its continuous supply is becoming a reality
[解析]双段推理题.根据提干关键词Paragraph 5&6定位到5、6段,双段推理题应该优先考虑双段主旨.第5段中心为关键信息词but之后的内容.文中a boost in the storage capacity of batteries keeps power flowing
around the clock对应选项中的its continuous supply; is becoming a reality对应文中is making their ability to....同样,第6段可以验证.6段中心为最后一句话Although
electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive
investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years, 也说明这件事在未来可能成为现实.
30、[答案][C] is not really encouraged by the US government
[解析]推理判断题.根据提干关键词the last paragraph定位到文中最后一段,最后一段关键信息词while(尽管)引导的内容为重点信息:“尽管还有很长的路要走,这种趋势势不可挡”,故可以排除D: is not competitive enough with regard to its cost.而根据第二句“have a
meaningful effect in slowing climate change” 故排除B: will
accelerate global environmental change.文章最后一句“what
Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less at a time of a global
shift in thought.”
“无论华盛顿行动还是不行动越来越不重要了”,可以推测出美国政府的态度,因此选C.
Text 3
31、[答案][B] user information
[解析]细节题.题干问:根据第一段,脸谱收购WhatsApp 应用的目的是为了什么,由此定位于文章第一段,本段第一句末说脸谱出巨资购买的应用是一种messaging service,就是信息服务,而紧接着本段最后一句话说明WhatsApp 应用提供的这种信息服务实际上是一种intricate and finely detailed web of its users’ friendships
and social lives,复杂的和极其详细的用户朋友圈和社交生活的方面的信息.答案B正是这句话的同义改写.
32、[答案][C] pose a risk to Facebook users
[解析]细节题.根据题干中的关键词Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities定位于文章第二段.本段中的第二句话指出“即使不知道具体的信息内容是什么,知道了信息是谁发的和信息发给谁也有可能透露客户隐私”.也就是说,绑定电话号码和脸谱身份的做法极有可能泄露客户隐私,增加客户的个人信息风险.答案C正是这句话的概括.
33、[答案][D] cannot keep pace with the changing market
[解析]细节题.根据题干回文定位到文章第三段,第三句话“it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital
economy.”意为:对比数码经济中变化的速度,它是很缓慢的,cannot keep pace with 是选项中slow的同义替换,因此正确答案为选项D.
34、[答案][D]the services are paid for by advertisers
[解析]因果细节题.根据题干回文定位到第三段第六句话,其中it is not obvious是题干can hardly protect的同义替换.后文中指出when the users of these services don’t pay for it, 表明这种情况发生的原因是这些服务的用户没有付款,而真正付款的是advertisers,因此正确答案为D.
35、[答案][D] the relationship between digital giants and their users
[解析]观点例证题.根据题干中的关键词ants analogy回文定位到最后一段第二句话.而该例子论证的观点是上一句话,即最后一段的首句,该句指出“他们(Google和Facebook)所销售的商品是数据,而为了这些数据巨头(像Google和Facebook这样的数据信息企业)的利益,作为用户的我们将生活转向数据”,这句话揭示了用户和数据巨头之间的关系,通过数据联系在一起.数据巨头销售数据,用户生活中使用数据.因此正确答案为[D]选项,该例子论证了数据巨头和用户之间的关系.
Text 4
36、[答案][A] keep to your focus time
[解析]这是一道细节题.注意题干的一一对应,选项进行等价替换.根据题干定位到第二段最后一句.The key is to(题干对应) determine your length of focus time and stick to it(剩余信息为答案). 对应选项 keep to(stick to)your focus
time(your length of focus time)
37、[答案][D] detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected [解析]根据题干为细节题,考察的是实验结论.The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that, 根据1980s和Harford快速找到定位第四段第二句,那么结论应该在后面,也就是第五段.第五段开头第一句while为让步,看主句部分they were wrong,冒号后面解释说,the detailed daily plans demotivated students.对应D选项,其中的may not
be as fruitful对应demotivated.
38、[答案][D] an essential factor in accomplishing any work
[解析]这是一道细节题.根据提干中的关键词,Newport和idleness,回文定位到第6段的Newport和第7段idleness,再结合第7段段末代词he,
考查到代词的指代问题,根据上下文确定此处的he指代Newport,确定第7段引号之内即为作者对于“idleness”的观点,由第7段后半句 idleness is ,paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done得出正确答案为 an essential
factor in accomplishing any work,其中essential 是对原文necessary的同义替换,accomplishing any work是getting any work done的同义替换.
39、[答案][B] can bring about greater efficiency
[解析]这是一道人物观点题,根据提干中的关键词,Pillay 回文定位到第8段,再进一步匹配题干中的剩余信息,our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused定位至第8段段末处,our
brains switch between being focused and unfocused,其中shift是switch的同义替换,由后半句 they tend to be more efficient得出正确答案为 can bring about greater effcieny, 是对原文tend to be more
efficient的同义替换.
40、[答案][B] approaches to getting more done in less time
[解析]根据题干的特征,这是一道主旨题.文章开篇提出主题,关于“the ability to focus without distraction”, 第二段开头说“a number of
approaches”,
提出方法,第四段开头another approach,所以这篇文章重点还是在说方法,所以B选项approaches to getting more done in less time为正确答案.more
done in less time对应focus without distraction.
Part B
Part B
41、[答案][A] (Just say it)
[解析]从下方段落中看到I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything
else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”, “Hey” or “Hello”——do the
best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a
big smile and say “Hi”. 中我们不难发现重复的内容say “Hi”,
也相当于get that first word out, 共同表达的内容就是开口说,故A (Just say it开口说) 与之完美对应.
42、[答案][G] (Ask for an opinion)
[解析]从下方段落中出现So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be
surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask. 中我们不难发现重复的内容ask, 根据复现词我们不难找到G (Ask for an
opinion询问看法),与其后的“how much people are willing to share”(人们非常愿意分享)完美对应.
43、[答案][E] (Find the “me too”s)
[解析]从下方对应段落When you meet a person for the first time, make an
effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you
can build the conversation from that point…中我们找到关键词have … in common有共同点.这与E (Find the “me too”s 寻找共同点)完美对应.
44、[答案][B] (Be present)
[解析]从下方对应段落So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in
that communication wholeheartedly. 因此当有人跟你跟你聊天时,要全身心的投入到谈话中,以及后面复现词eye contact进行眼神交流,我们找到B (Be present,在现场,投入当前事件中)能够与之对应.
45、[答案][D] (Name, places, things)
[解析]从下方对应段落…but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their
name. Isn’t that awkward!
…但是之后你可能再次见到时忘记了他们的名字.这不是很尴尬吗?通过反义疑问我们得知:应该要记得名字!而且随后So, remember the little details of the people you met or you talked
with; perhaps the places they have been to, the places they
want to go, the things they like, the things they hate.因此,请记得你遇到且与之聊过天的这些人的一些小细节,比如他们去过的地方,他们想要去的地方,他们喜欢的以及讨厌的事物等等.从这些内容中我们不难找到与之对应的小标题D (Name, places, things)
Section III Translation
[全文翻译]
一名五年级的学生的家庭作业要求他从一系列的职业中选出他未来的职业道路.他选择了“宇航员”,但很快又将“科学家”加入名单,也选了这一职业.这个男孩确信如果他读的书足够多,他就能想探索多少条职业道路,就探索多少条.因此他读书——从百科全书读到科幻小说.他如此狂热地阅读以致于他的父母不得不制定一条吃饭时“不能读书”的规矩.这个男孩就是比尔·盖茨,他从未停止过阅读
– 即便在他成为全球最成功人士之后也如此.今天,比尔盖茨的读物已经不再是科幻小说和参考书目:最近,他表示自己每年至少阅读50本非虚构读物.盖茨选择读非虚构类图书,因为这些书解释了世界是如何运作的.“每本书都开辟了探索新知识的道路.”
比尔盖茨说.
[主句解析]
句①:A fifth
grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list
of occupations.
[题目考点]不定式作后置定语
[参考译文]一名五年级的学生的家庭作业要求他从一系列的职业中选出他未来的职业道路.
句②:He ticks “astronaut” but quickly
adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well.
[题目考点]并列句
[参考译文]他选择了“宇航员”,但很快又将“科学家”加入名单.
句③:The boy is
convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes.[题目考点]宾语从句;条件状语从句;比较结构
[参考译文]这个男孩确信如果他读的书足够多,他就能想探索多少条职业道路,就探索多少条.
句④:And so he
reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels.
[题目考点]介宾短语作后置定语
[参考译文]因此他读书——从百科全书读到科幻小说.
句⑤:He reads
so fervently that his parents have to institute a “no reading
policy” at the dinner table.
[题目考点]结果状语从句
[参考译文]他如此狂热地阅读以至于他的父母不得不制定一条吃饭时“不能读书”的规矩.
句⑥:That boy
was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the
planet.
[题目考点]并列句
[句子结构]并列句主干分别为:that boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped
reading …
[重点词汇]planet 星球
[参考译文]这个男孩就是比尔·盖茨,他从未停止过阅读
– 即便在他成为全球最成功人士之后也如此.
句⑦:Nowadays, his reading
material has changed from sci-fi and reference books: recently, he revealed
that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year.
[题目考点]并列结构;宾语从句
[句子结构]主干分别为:… material has changed from….; he revealed …; he reads …50 …books…
[重点词汇]sci-fi 科幻小说 reveal 揭露 nonfiction 非虚构
[参考译文]今天,比尔盖茨的读物已经不再是科幻小说和参考书目:最近,他表示自己每年至少阅读50本非小说读物.
句⑧:Gates
chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works.
[题目考点]原因状语从句;宾语从句
[参考译文]盖茨选择读非虚构类图书,因为这些书解释了世界是如何运作的.
句⑨:“Each book
opens up new avenues of knowledge to explore,” Gates says.
[题目考点]宾语从句
[参考译文]“每本书都开辟了探索新知识的道路.”
比尔盖茨说.
Section IV Writing
51.[参考范文]
Dear Professor Smith,
How have you been recently? I am exceedingly
sorry to tell you that although I have promised to visit you this Friday, I have to
cancel my travel plan because of the following reason.
Two days ago, I suddenly accepted the notice that there would be an academic
meeting this Friday night in our department and everyone was asked to attend. I
know that my changing plan has definitely caused some inconvenience to you. I
am so sorry for my failing to keep the promise of visiting you. Therefore, in order to
make up this situation, I wonder if you could give me another chance and spare some time to
meet me next Monday.
I am so sorry for any inconvenience caused by me. Hope you can
accept my apology and arrange a new time for me to visit you. I am looking
forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
52.[参考范文]
英语二大作文
Emerging from the clearly depicted pie chart is the distribution of
focusing factors of citizens in a city when choosing a restaurant in 2017, consisting
of 4 parts, which are features, service, environment, price and other factors. Among them, the proportion of
service, environment, price and other factors is 26.8%, 23.8%, 8.4% and
4.7% respectively. By contrast, the factor of focusing on features of the restaurant is in the lead, accounting
for 36.3%.
What has triggered this phenomenon? To begin with, with the
fast development of national economy and personal wealth, people in
China have stepped into an era of enjoying life, transforming
traditional pattern of living. Therefore, such a great
proportion of citizens are more likely to focus on the features of a restaurant, instead of
only concentrating on the price. Moreover, in a society where
living standard is highly advocated, citizens in
mounting numbers in China, shrugging off their former habit of focusing on lower price, gradually
find the service and environment of a restaurant is an essential factor.
According to a survey conducted by China Research Center, up to 87%
Chinese people prefer to choose a comfortable and fashionable restaurant when
they go out for eating.
Taking into account what has been argued so far, I am
inclined to think about the current situation is normal. In view of the
analysis above, it can be predicted that the trend will continue in the future.
Accordingly, it is of no necessity for the public to regard it with too much
consideration.
2018 考研英语(二)答案.docx